From school to work: Coherence between learning in school and learning in workplaces for apprentices in the Media graphics programme in Norway

Authors

  • Nina Aakernes Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3384/njvet.2242-458X.188176

Keywords:

Practice-based learning in VET, apprenticeship, school-based learning, coherence in VET, vocational media education, media production

Abstract

A key challenge in vocational education and training (VET) programmes is the lack of coherence between the school-based and the enterprise-based parts of learning. This study explores the conditions that are important for the perception of coherence between learning in school and workplaces by interviewing apprentices enrolled in the Media graphics programme in Norway. In addition to the views of apprentices, the study also includes the perspectives of other participants in the vocational education system, such as media teachers and instructors in the workplaces and apprenticeship training office. The interview data revealed that the media education in school had facilitated the students’ learning primarily by allowing them to work on authentic media productions. Despite this, however, some of the apprentices experi-enced a lack of coherence between learning in school and learning in enterprises, mainly because there were few opportunities to specialise in their chosen vocation in school, and limited cooperation between schools and workplaces about placement periods.

Author Biography

Nina Aakernes, Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus

Department of Vocational Teacher Education

PhD candidate

References

Aarkrog, V. (2011). A taxonomy for teaching transfer skills in the Danish VET system. Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 1(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3384/njvet.2242-458X.11v1i1a5

Akkerman, S., & Bakker, A. (2011). Boundary crossing and boundary objects. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 132–169. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311404435

Akkerman, S., & Bakker, A. (2012). Crossing boundaries between school and work during apprenticeships. Studies in Vocational and Professional Education, 5(2), 153–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-011-9073-6

Amdam, S. (2016a). The dangers of having fun: Doing production work in school. In O. Erstad, K. Kumpulainen, Å. Mäkitalo, K.C. Schrøder, P. Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, & T. Jóhannsdóttir (Eds.), Learning across contexts in the knowledge society (pp. 85–108). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-414-5_5

Amdam, S. (2016b). Media education goes professional? Media teachers’ self-image, positioning and educational focus. Nordicom Review, 37(2), 81–95.

Berner, B. (2010). Crossing boundaries and maintaining differences between school and industry: Forms of boundary-work in Swedish vocational education. Journal of Education and Work, 23(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080903461865

Billett, S. (2001). Learning in the workplace: Strategies for effective practice. Crows Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin.

Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2015). InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.

Canrinus, E.T., Bergem, O.K., Klette, K., & Hammerness, K. (2017). Coherent teacher education programmes: Taking a student perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 49(3), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2015.1124145

Creswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage.

Dahl, T., Buland, T., Mordal, S., & Aaslid, B.E. (2012). På de samme stier som før: Kunnskapsløftet i fag- og yrkesopplæringen [On the same paths as previously: The Knowledge Promotion Reform in VET]. Trondheim: SINTEF.

Dahlback, J., Hansen, K., Haaland, G., & Sylte, A.L. (2011). Yrkesdidaktisk kunnskapsutvikling og implementering av nye læreplaner (KIP) [The development of new didactic knowledge and the implementation of a new curriculum] (Vol. 1/2011). Lillestrøm: Høgskolen i Akershus.

Dahlback, J., Hansen, K., Haaland, G., & Vagle, I. (2015). Yrkesfaglærerens kompetanse i framtidens skole [The competence of the vocational teacher in the future school]. In K.H. Hansen, T.L. Hoel, & G. Haaland (Eds.), Tett på yrkesopplæring: Yrkesrelevant, tilpasset og samfunnstjenlig? [Approching vocational education: Relevant, customised and beneficial?] (pp. 89–108). Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.

Dreyfus, H.L., & Dreyfus, S.E. (1988). Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer. New York: Free Press.

Erstad, O., Gilje, Ø., & de Lange, T. (2007). Re-mixing multimodal resources: Multiliteracies and digital production in Norwegian media education. Learning, Media and Technology, 32(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439880701343394

Gessler, M. (2017). The lack of collaboration between companies and schools in the German dual apprenticeship system: Historical background and recent data. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 4(2), 164–195.

Hansen, K.H. (2017). Hva er yrkesdidaktikk i dagens yrkesopplæring i skole? [What is vocational curriculum in today’s school-based VET?]. Scandinavian Journal of Vocations in Development, 2, 1–25.

Hansen, K.H., & Haaland, G. (2015). Utfordringer i norsk yrkesopplæring [Challenges in Norwegian vocational education]. In K.H. Hansen, T.L. Hoel, & G. Haaland (Eds.), Tett på yrkesopplæring: Yrkesrelevant, tilpasset og samfunnstjenlig? [Approching vocational education: Relevant, customised and beneficial?] (pp. 19–49). Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.

Heggen, K., Smeby, J.-C., & Vågan, A. (2015). Coherence: A longitudinal approach. In J.-C. Smeby & M. Sutphen (Eds.), From vocational to professional education: Educating for social welfare (pp. 70–88). London: Routledge.

Hiim, H. (2013). Praksisbasert yrkesutdanning [Practice-based vocational education]. Oslo: Gyldendal akademisk.

Hiim, H. (2015). Kvalitet i yrkesutdanningen: Resultater fra et aksjonsforskningsprosjekt om yrkesforankring av innholdet i yrkesutdanningen [The quality of curriculum in VET: Results from an action-research project on content and structure in VET]. Norsk pedagogisk tidsskrift, 99(2), 136–148.

Hiim, H. (2017). Ensuring curriculum relevance in vocational education and training: Epistemological perspectives in a curriculum research rroject. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 4(1), 1–19.

Hiim, H., & Hippe, E. (2001). Å utdanne profesjonelle yrkesutøvere [Educating professional practitioners]. Oslo: Gyldendal akademisk.

Kilbrink, N., & Bjurulf, V. (2013). Transfer of knowledge in technical vocational education: A narrative study in Swedish upper secondary school. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 23(3), 519–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-012-9201-0

LeCompte, M.D., & Schensul, J. J. (2012). Analysis and interpretation of ethnographic data: A mixed methods approach (2nd ed.). Lanham: AltaMira Press.

Littke, K., & Thång, P.-O. (2015). Learning at work in Higher Vocational Education. Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 5(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3384/njvet.2242-458X.15v5i1a3

Louw, A. (2017). Kobling mellem skole og praktik på erhvervsuddannelserne [The connection between school and practice in vocational education]. In K.E. Andreasen, & H. Duch (Eds.), Forandringer i ungdomsuddannelserne: Overgange og indsatser (pp. 93–114). Aalborg: Aalborg Universitetsforlag.

Medielarling.no. Bli mediegrafiker. Retrieved 3. January, 2018, from http://medielarling.no/elever/mediegrafiker

Merriam, S.B., & Tisdell, E.J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.

Nore, H. (2015). Re-contextualizing vocational didactics in Norwegian vocational education and training. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 2(3), 182–194.

Norwegian Centre for Research Data. (2017). Information and consent. Retrieved 4. March, 2018, from

http://www.nsd.uib.no/personvernombud/en/help/information_consent/

Nyen, T., & Tønder, A.H. (2012). Fleksibilitet eller faglighet? En studie av innføringen av faget prosjekt til fordypning i Kunnskapsløftet [Flexibility or proficiency? A study of the implementation of the subject in-depth study in the Knowledge Promotion Reform]. Oslo: Fafo.

Patton, M.Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage.

Persson Thunqvist, D., & Axelsson, B. (2012). ‘Now it's not school, it's for real!’: Negotiated participation in media vocational training. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 19(1), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2011.632048

Ryle, G. (2009). The concept of mind: 60th anniversary edition. New York: Routledge.

Schön, D.A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass.

Schön, D.A. (1995). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Aldershot: Arena.

Schaap, H., Baartman, L., & Bruijn, E. (2012). Students’ learning processes during school-based learning and workplace learning in vocational education: A review. Studies in Vocational and Professional Education, 5(2), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-011-9069-2

Tanggaard, L. (2007). Learning at trade vocational school and learning at work: Boundary crossing in apprentices’ everyday life. Journal of Education and Work, 20(5), 453–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080701814414

Utdanningsdirektoratet. (2007). Programme area for media and communication: Curriculum for common programme subjects Vg2 (MED2-01). Retrieved 17. January, 2018, from https://www.udir.no/kl06/MED2-01?lplang=http://data.udir.no/kl06/eng

Utdanningsdirektoratet. (2008). Curriculum for media graphics VG3 / in-service training at a training establishment (MGR3-01). Retrieved 17 January, 2018, from https://www.udir.no/kl06/MGR3-01?lplang=http://data.udir.no/kl06/eng

Utdanningsdirektoratet. (2016a). Lærlingeundersøkelsen [The apprentice survey]. Retrieved 10. August, 2017, from https://skoleporten.udir.no/rapportvisning/fag-og-yrkesopplaering/laeringsmiljoe/laerlingundersoekelsen/nasjonalt?enhetsid=00&vurderingsomrade=6&underomrade=54&skoletype=6&skoletypemenuid=2&sammenstilling=1

Utdanningsdirektoratet. (2016b). Norwegian vocational education and training (VET). Retrieved 17. January, 2018, from https://www.udir.no/in-english/norwegian-vocational-education-and-training/

Downloads

Published

2018-05-22

How to Cite

Aakernes, N. (2018). From school to work: Coherence between learning in school and learning in workplaces for apprentices in the Media graphics programme in Norway. Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 8(1), 76–97. https://doi.org/10.3384/njvet.2242-458X.188176

Issue

Section

Peer-reviewed research articles